The tumors can arise in about 80% in parotid gland, 15% in submandibular gland and 5% in the sublingual and minor salivary gland. Nonneoplastic conditions generally are related to inflammatory processes or are secondary to existing disease processes. Pdf classification of salivary gland diseases among yemenis. Salivary gland is one of the main soft tissue structures in the maxillofacial area. Previously, researchers have shown the role of oral mucosa in covid19 infection xu, zhong, et al. Jun 01, 2014 salivary gland disorders include inflammatory, bacterial, viral, and neoplastic etiologies. How long a salivary gland problem lasts depends on the specific disorder. Salivary gland disorders karan jolly, paul davies, neil. Salivary gland disorders american family physician.
However, you should know the locations and characteristics of the salivary glands. The presentation can be the presentation can be acute, recurrent, or chronic. Igg4related disease igg4rd is a rare fibroinflammatory condition that can affect almost any organ, characterized by swollen lesions and often by eosinophilia and elevated serum igg4 concentrations. As a result, gps often only experience limited exposure to salivary gland disorders. The presentation of salivary gland pathology to general practice is relatively infrequent. There are three paired major salivary glands in humans the parotid glands, the submandibular glands. Introduction to salivary glands university of michigan. Clinically, the lesion appears in the palate as a deep, sharply defined, up to 3 cm craterlike ulcer that develops rapidly over a few days and fails to heal for an extended period of time. Mumps is the most common salivary gland infection caused by paramyxovirus fields et al. Salivary gland disease necrotizing sialometaplasia ns is a benign, selflimited, reactive inflammatory process involving minor mucoserous salivary glands. Salivary gland dysfunction, protein glycooxidation and.
Sialolithiasis is the most common disease affecting adult salivary glands, accounting for more than 50% of all salivary gland conditions. This is removal of a small piece of tissue to diagnose a cyst, tumor, or sjgrens syndrome. Post irradiation sialadenitis, chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, cheilitis. Salivary glands are unique because of the manifold subtypes of benign and malignant diseases found there. Salivary glands are essential structures in the oral cavity. Problems can also be due to other disorders, such as mumps or sjogrens syndrome. A variety of causative factors have been proposed, including congenital ductal malformations, hereditarygenetic factors, viral or bacterial infection, allergy, and local manifestation of an autoimmune disease. A guide to salivary gland disorders mcewen aorn journal. Approximately 25 percent of parotid tumors are cancerous malignant. Pdf salivary gland diseases in children are rare, apart from viralinduced diseases. Advances in diagnosis and management of salivary gland diseases.
Treatment for salivary gland tumors often involves surgery. Salivary gland tumors symptoms and causes mayo clinic. A literature search was conducted with the assistance of a research librarian in the medlinepubmed database. The salivary glands produce saliva to moisten the mouth, to help protect teeth from decay and to digest food. Salivary secretion in health and disease pedersen 2018.
Twelve per adult population are reported to suffer from the condition each year, with males affected more than females 1. The less common salivary gland diseases were sialadenitis and sialadenosis. A number of salivary gland diseases may present with a wide variety of symptoms. Oct 26, 2018 salivary gland tumors most commonly occur in the parotid gland, accounting for nearly 85 percent of all salivary gland tumors. They all secrete saliva into your mouth, the salivary gland through tubes that drain saliva referred to as salivary glands, close to your higher teeth, submandibular beneath your tongue, and therefore the articulator through several ducts within. Saliva drains into the mouth through small tubes called ducts. Physiology, pathology and regeneration of salivary glands mdpi. Jan 22, 2014 an estimated 750 deaths related to salivary gland tumors occur annually. Apr 02, 2020 causes of salivary gland problems include infections, obstruction, or cancer. This chapter will provide an overview of the functions of saliva, the anatomy and. Review of the major and minor salivary glands, part 1. Pdf recent advances in the management of salivary gland disease. Igg4rd is characterized by swollen lesions across organs and often by elevated serum igg4 concentrations. Mouth dryness or thick saliva american cancer society also in spanish.
The anatomy and physiology of salivary glands benefits of saliva is that it is easily available for noninvasive collection and analysis. Salivary gland disease is managed by a number of specialities. Nonneoplastic salivary gland diseases biomedical and. Salivary glands may be affected by a number of diseases. Treatments for salivary gland tumors may also include radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Salivary gland dysfunction refers to either xerostomia the symptom of dry mouth or salivary gland hypofunction reduced production of saliva. For example, if you have a mass in your salivary gland, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove the. The presentation can be acute, recurrent, or chronic. Salivary gland disease in human immunodeficiency virus. Nonneoplastic disorders of the salivary glands are divided into the following groups.
Salivary gland disorders may be caused by nonneoplastic conditions or neoplasms. According to a latest report on coronavirus disease 2019 covid19, authors had drawn attention to dental risk, in which asymptomatic patients had been mentioned many times meng et al. Sep 25, 2015 saliva is formed primarily approximately 90% from the secretions of the three paired major salivary glands, the submandibular around 65%, parotid around 20% and sublingual around 57%. We would like to draw attention to salivary glands in the epidemic process of asymptomatic. It is difficult to determine whether the subjective alterations related to salivary flow hyposalivation, xerostomia, and dysgeusia can be attributed to hiv disease or haart 21. Occurrence of this lesion in major salivary glands, primarily the parotid gland, is uncommon, representing 8. Managing xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction. Oral diagnostic approaches to the patients with salivary gland disorders. Reduced salivary flow rates have also been attributed to hiv infection, side effect of haart, or in correlation to considerable salivary gland disease 19, 20. Arrow marks pus coming out of the opening of the submandibular gland. The fine anatomical and histological details will be covered in other courses. The plethora of components in this fluid can act as biomarkers for diagnosis of various. Classification of salivary gland diseases among yemenis. There is a long association between viral infections and diseases of the salivary gland.
Mumps, human immunodeficiency virus associated salivary gland disorder. Salivary secretion in health and disease article pdf. Presentation is key to diagnosing salivary gland disorders. Mar 12, 2012 f infection viral bacterial mycoticg autoimmune disorders sjogrens syndrome mikuliczs disease uveoparotid fever recurrent non specific parotitis 8. Pdf salivary gland diseases in childhood researchgate. Salivary gland disorders include inflammatory, bacterial, viral, and neoplastic etiologies. In general, viral infections of the salivary gland may result in reduced saliva production andor swelling. Primary salivary gland lymphoma sgl is an uncommon neoplasm that accounts for less than 10% of salivary gland tumors and less than 5% of all extranodal nonhodgkin lymphomas 14. Diagnosis and management fills a major gap in the literature by presenting modern and uptodate knowledge on all aspects of this important field. It can be used to monitor the presence and levels of hormones, drugs, antibodies, microorganisms and ions. Factors that contribute to dry mouth include systemic disease and medical therapies such as medication or radiation treatment. Giant salivary calculi of the submandibular gland journal. Following radiotherapy of the head and neck region, salivary gland dysfunction is a predictable sideeffect. This study is the first to evaluate protein glycooxidation products, lipid oxidative damage and nitrosative stress in nonstimulated nws and stimulated whole saliva sws of children with chronic kidney disease ckd divided into two subgroups.
Jun 18, 2018 treatment for salivary gland disorders depends on the disease type and how advanced it is. Sjogrens syndrome is another common salivary gland disorder. The less common salivary gland diseases were sialadenitis and sialadenosis, accounting,12. Imaging is useful in identifying the masses of salivary glands and also in differentiating them from the massespathologies of adjacent cervical spaces. The three major salivary glands are the parotid gland, submandibular gland also called the submaxillary gland and sublingual glands. Paramyxovirus is transmitted by droplet infections. Salivary gland sporozoite load is significantly associated with the likelihood of malaria infection odds ratio 7. Saliva has great potential as a diagnostic fluid and offers advantage over serum and other biological fluids by an economic and noninvasive collection method for monitoring of systemic health and disease progression. Gastroenterology, oral and maxillofacial surgery salivary gland diseases sgd are multiple and varied in cause. Juvenile recurrent parotitis jrp is the second most common salivary gland disease in children.
There are three pairs of major salivary glands and several hundred minor salivary. Salivary gland neoplasms make up 1% of all head and neck tumors 90. M aking a diagnosis of a salivary gland disorder can be difficult. Salivary glands may be involved in a wide variety of diseases, which may be broadly. Blockage of the submandibular gland by a stone with subsequent infection. Hyposalivation often results in a dry mouth condition called xerostomia, and this can cause tooth decay due to the loss of the protective properties of saliva. Salivary gland tumours tumours of salivary glands represent a complex and histopathologically diverse group of tumour diagnosis and management is complicated by the fact that they are in frequent making up only 1% of head and neck tumour proper management require and accurate diagnosis by the pathologists and physicians. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 2. Salivary secretory disorders, inducing drugs, and clinical.
It occurs when white blood cells target healthy cells in moistureproducing glands, such as the salivary. The most important secretion glands are the salivary gland, submandibular, and articulator glands. This syndrome has been called hivassociated salivary gland disease when it involves the salivary glands. Pdf on aug 1, 2019, ali ali alzamzami published classification of salivary gland diseases among yemenis. Written by worldrenowned experts, salivary gland disorders and diseases. Salivary gland dysfunction affects the flow, amount, or quality of saliva produced. Neoplasms manifest themselves as benign or malignant tumors of the salivary glands. Sjogren syndrome in primary salivary gland lymphoma. The chart showing pdf series, word series, html series, scan qr codes. Salivary gland anatomy n parotid gland n submandibular gland n sublingual gland n minor glands it is not our intent to cover anatomy during this course. Early detection of disease plays a crucial role for treatment planning and prognosis. A 46yearold man with salivary duct carcinoma of the right parotid gland presented for evaluation of a 3week history of multiple new pruritic skin lesions on the right chest and endorsed erythematous skin changes within the field of radiation. Salivary gland disease an overview sciencedirect topics.